3rd Party Video Extensions For Mac

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As part of the pre-release announcements about macOS High Sierra, Apple released the following KBase article: • Prepare your institution for iOS 11, macOS High Sierra, or macOS Server 5.4: As part of the KBase article, Apple included a Changes coming with macOS High Sierra section which featured this note: macOS High Sierra introduces a new feature that requires user approval before loading new third-party kernel extensions. This feature will require changes to some apps and installers in order to preserve the desired user experience. That section in turn links to this KBase article, which describes the behavior in more detail: • Prepare for changes to kernel extensions in macOS High Sierra: To improve security on the Mac, kernel extensions installed with or after the installation of macOS High Sierra require user consent in order to load.

This is known as User Approved Kernel Extension Loading. Any user can approve a kernel extension, even if they don’t have administrator privileges. What’s all this mean?

For more details, see below the jump. Apple has been trying to discourage from for the past few years. The reason for this has been that kernel extensions are able to plug into the macOS kernel’s space and access low-level resources, like hardware devices. The issue for Apple is that, when kernel extensions aren’t working right, the whole OS has problems that wouldn’t otherwise happen.

As an example of this, if an application which doesn’t use a kernel extension has a memory error, the worst consequence is that the affected application crashes. The rest of the OS is fine though, thanks to the OS’s. However, if a kernel extension has a similar issue, the kernel doesn’t have similar memory protections.

A memory error in a kernel extension can cause a, which crashes the whole operating system. As a result, starting with OS X Mavericks, Apple has been making changes to how third party kernel extensions have been allowed to operate: OS X Mavericks Kernel extensions should be digitally signed using an certificate, but this code signing requirement is not enforced strictly. Unsigned kernel extensions can still be installed into /System/Library/Extensions, which is where kernel extensions have been installed up until OS X Mavericks. However, signed kernel extensions must be installed into /Library/Extensions. OS X Yosemite Kernel extensions must be digitally signed using an certificate and installed into /Library/Extensions. However, it is still possible on OS X Yosemite to enable a which disables the code signing requirement. OS X El Capitan Kernel extensions must be digitally signed using an certificate and installed into /Library/Extensions., introduced as part of OS X El Capitan, now enforces code signing and explicitly.

MacOS Sierra Kernel extensions must be digitally signed using an certificate and installed into /Library/Extensions. System Integrity Protection remains the enforcement mechanism. MacOS High Sierra Kernel extensions must be digitally signed using an certificate and installed into /Library/Extensions. System Integrity Protection remains the enforcement mechanism. Kernel extensions will not load unless authorized to do so by a logged-in user. Note: This authorized user does not need to have admin rights, so any logged-in user can authorize the loading of a kernel extension. What are the likely consequences of this change in High Sierra? • For the individual consumer owner of a Mac, this will likely not be a big deal.

Since anybody can authorize the loading of the kernel extension, the individual can go click whatever is needed and continue on with their day. Potentially not a great user experience, but not awful. • For Mac admins, this change is potentially going to be a huge pain in the neck. A number of third-party applications used in education and enterprise environments use kernel extensions, especially antivirus and other security-focused solutions. Now these kernel extensions are not going to load automatically and it’s going to be up to the individual users who use those machines as to whether or not those kernel extensions get loaded. That said, Apple has stated that third-party kernel extensions won’t require authorization under the following conditions: • The third party kernel extension(s) in question were on the Mac before the upgrade to macOS High Sierra. • The third party kernel extension(s) in question are replacing previously approved extensions.